Grammarifics Lesson 3, Pronoun Games

Lesson 3: Pronoun Games

• Identifying Personal Pronouns

• Using Pronouns as Subjects of Sentences                     

• Using Pronouns as Objects of Verbs

OBJECTIVES

1.     to increase recognition of personal pronouns

2.     to provide practice in using pronouns as subjects of sentences
3.     to provide practice in using pronouns as objects of verbs

Summary

In the introduction to this lesson, the narrator explains that when people play games, they often use "game-talk," which involves the extensive use of pronouns. The narrator directs the student to read the two definitions on page 1 of the activity sheets and to study the list of personal pronouns presented on the page. After the pronoun study, the student reads a paragraph about the game of checkers and draws a line under each personal pronoun. He then completes two statements about the pronouns in the paragraph, enhancing understanding of singular and plural pronouns.

On page 2 of the activity sheets, the student learns that a personal pronoun can take the place of a noun as the subject of a sentence. He rewrites each sentence on the page, replacing the subject noun with a pronoun. The game presented on page 3 of the activity sheets is a "pronoun dart game." Object pronouns which have been assigned points are shown on a target. The student follows the narrator's directions for playing the game, then scores the game by writing the value of each object pronoun used and adding the results. (A perfect score is 300 points.)

 INTRODUCTION

 The Grammarifics program is a multimedia series of 12 lessons designed to supplement and individualize language instruction for students in grades 4 through 6, and for those at ages 12 to adult in need of remedial help. Each lesson in the program consists of audio media and three reproducible activity sheets. The audio combines expert instruction in grammar and usage with themes that are relevant to the interests of students in the intermediate grades. Central to the program is the development of the students' communication skills. This is accomplished through analysis of sentence structure, information of generalizations concerning English usage, and the application of those generalizations in exercises which stimulate students' interest.

 The program concentrates on nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives. Many important sub-skills related to these parts of speech are also presented. Each audio-directed lesson begins with a lively introduction focusing on a theme which should be familiar to most students. Special effects and dialogue are often used to heighten students' interest in the material to be learned. The narrators then guide the students through written exercises on the activity sheets. Found on many of the activity sheets is a block of content material. The narrator helps the students analyze the content material, draw valid conclusions, and apply the content to the exercises presented on the activity sheets.

Every effort has been made to make all elements of the program enjoyable and meaningful. All lessons are self-directing and self-correcting. This allows students to work through the lessons at an independent rate and to evaluate their performances privately. The narrators give complete instructions for doing the exercises on the activity sheets. Games, puzzles, secret messages, codes, newspaper ads, and lively illustrations are just a few of the techniques used to create interest in the lessons. Two lessons are devoted to each part of speech covered in the program. The parts of speech may be studied in any order, depending upon the preparation of the individual student. The audio, which deals with each part of speech, however, should be used in sequence. Lessons 11 and 12, "Putting It All Together—Parts I and II," contain a complete review of the concepts presented in the first 10 lessons of Grammarifics. These lessons should be used after the student has worked through the first 10 lessons of the program.

USING THE PROGRAM

The Audio

The audio lessons in Grammarifics employ a variety of motivational techniques which are designed to capture and hold the interest of students. Each audio begins with music, special audio effects, or a short vignette played out by characters. The students are then carefully guided through the entire lesson by professional narrators who use a friendly, positive approach to language instruction. Timed pauses are programmed into the audio to allow the students to complete brief responses on the activity sheets. However, when more than a few seconds are needed to complete a response or to read over specific material, an electronic tone built into the audio signals the students to stop the player. Students should be reminded that they may stop the audio whenever additional response time is needed, or replay any material they may wish to hear. The use of headsets is recommended to avoid distracting other students in the classroom and to reinforce the interaction between student and narrator. The running time of the audio averages approximately 20 minutes. The average working time of each lesson is about 30 minutes. It should be remembered that this time is only an approximation. Since the student stops and starts the audio several 'times during the course of each lesson to read material or to complete exercises, the actual time needed will depend on the student's working speed.

The Activity Sheets
Three illustrated activity sheets are used in each lesson of the program. All activities are completed by the student as the audio presentation progresses. The responses for these activities are checked and corrected by the student through answers given by the narrators. The activity sheets offer a variety of skill-building games and enjoyable written activities to increase the student's understanding of parts of speech. All exercises are closely correlated with the audio instructions.

The Teacher's Guide
This guide contains individual summaries of the 12 lessons in the program. Each summary lists the skills objectives of the lesson, a description of each written activity, and reproductions of all student activities with answers overprinted. Included in the final pages of this guide are several creative follow-up activities which may be used with small groups of students to reinforce the skills taught in the program.